The estrogen trinity: membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear effects
Physiology, 2001•journals.physiology.org
Estrogens have a wide array of biological effects, targeting both genomic and nongenomic
mechanisms. Classically, the estrogen receptors activating the transcription machinery in the
nucleus were thought to be distinct from the extranuclear estrogen receptors. Recently, this
conceptual wall has started to be dismantled as the result of the identification of novel routes
of estrogen action.
mechanisms. Classically, the estrogen receptors activating the transcription machinery in the
nucleus were thought to be distinct from the extranuclear estrogen receptors. Recently, this
conceptual wall has started to be dismantled as the result of the identification of novel routes
of estrogen action.
Estrogens have a wide array of biological effects, targeting both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Classically, the estrogen receptors activating the transcription machinery in the nucleus were thought to be distinct from the extranuclear estrogen receptors. Recently, this conceptual wall has started to be dismantled as the result of the identification of novel routes of estrogen action.
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