Introduction This study evaluated the bacterial and human metaproteome of root apexes and
the matched inflammatory lesions from teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis.
Methods Root apexes and matched inflammatory lesions from root canal–treated teeth with
apical periodontitis were obtained during periradicular surgery. All root canal fillings were
rated as adequate on the basis of radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography. The
specimens were cryopulverized and subjected to metaproteomic analysis for human and�…

Introduction Bacteria present in the apical root canal system are directly involved with the
pathogenesis of post-treatment apical periodontitis. This study used a next-generation
sequencing approach to identify the bacterial taxa occurring in cryopulverized apical root
samples from root canal-treated teeth with post-treatment disease. Methods Apical root
specimens obtained during periradicular surgery of ten adequately treated teeth with
persistent apical periodontitis were cryogenically ground. DNA was extracted from the�…