▪ Abstract Arachnids, myriapods, and wingless hexapods exhibit a fascinating diversity of
sperm transfer behaviors. Modes of sperm transfer can be categorized by the degree of
contact between male and female during transfer, with direct transfer (copulation) involving
the greatest contact, paired-indirect transfer an intermediate degree, and dissociated
transfer the least. Internal fertilization, spermatophores, and copulation are sometimes
assumed to have evolved after invasion of land, but all have evolved many times in the�…