Neandertal specimens with severe antemortem (before death) tooth loss (AMTL) are
sometimes interpreted as evidence for human-like behaviors in Neandertals, such as
conspecific care or cooking, although it is uncertain whether AMTL frequencies in
Neandertals are similar to those in modern humans and exceed those in non-human
primates. This study characterizes AMTL (all tooth types) in Neandertals relative to recent
human hunter-gatherers and several non-human primate taxa using binomial-normal�…