The study of pragmatics is typically concerned with ostensive communication (especially
through language), in which we not only provide evidence for our intended speaker
meaning, but also make manifest our intention to do so. This is not, however, the only way in
which humans communicate. We also communicate in many non-ostensive ways, and these
expressions often interplay with and complement ostensive communication. For example,
fear, embarrassment, surprise and other emotions are often expressed with linguistic�…