Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the
endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Increasing evidence�…

Early onset obesity and type II diabetes is rapidly becoming an epidemic, especially within
the United States. This dramatic increase is likely due to many factors including both�…

In the normal adult rodent and primate, arcuate nucleus (ARH) neurons function as conduits
for transmitting metabolic hormonal signals into the hypothalamic circuitry that modulates�…

Untitled Page 1 Page 2 Monographs in Mathematics Vol. 99 Managing Editors: H. Amann
Universit�t Z�rich, Switzerland JP Bourguignon IHES, BuresYsurYYvette, France K. Grove�…

Maternal obesity is thought to increase the offspring's risk of juvenile obesity and metabolic
diseases; however, the mechanism (s) whereby excess maternal nutrition affects fetal�…

The gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin stimulates appetite in rodents and humans via
hypothalamic actions. We discovered expression of ghrelin in a previously uncharacterized�…

Chromatin structure is epigenetically altered via covalent modifications of histones to allow
for heritable gene regulation without altering the nucleotide sequence. Multiple lines of�…

A basic problem in Riemannian geometry is the study of relations between the topological
structure and the Riemannian structure of a complete, connected Riemannian manifold M of�…

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog marketed for the treatment of type 2
diabetes. Besides lowering blood glucose, liraglutide also reduces body weight. It is not fully�…

Despite high leptin levels, most obese humans and rodents lack responsiveness to its
appetite-suppressing effects. We demonstrate that leptin modulates NPY/AgRP and α-MSH�…