The'cognitive map'hypothesis proposes that brain builds a unified representation of the
spatial environment to support memory and guide future action. Forty years of�…

Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition | Nature
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BACKGROUND Ever since Edward Tolman's proposal that comprehensive cognitive maps
underlie spatial navigation and, more generally, psychological functions, the question of�…

A cognitive map has long been the dominant metaphor for hippocampal function, embracing
the idea that place cells encode a geometric representation of space. However, evidence for�…

Humans and animals use mental representations of the spatial structure of the world to
navigate. The classical view is that these representations take the form of Euclidean�…

Neural computations are often compared to instrument-measured distance or duration, and
such relationships are interpreted by a human observer. However, neural circuits do not�…

The hippocampus is famous for mapping locations in spatially organized environments, and
several recent studies have shown that hippocampal networks also map moments in�…

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables non-invasive access to the awake,
behaving human brain. By tracking whole-brain signals across a diverse range of cognitive�…

Episodic memory is defined as the ability to recall events in a spatiotemporal context.
Formation of such memories is critically dependent on the hippocampal formation and its�…

By linking the past with the future, our memories define our sense of identity. Because
human memory engages the conscious realm, its examination has historically been�…