The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly
debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled�…

Widespread sex differences in human brain structure and function have been reported.
Research on animal models has demonstrated that sex differences in brain and behavior�…

Sexual orientation is a core aspect of human experience and understanding its development
is fundamental to psychology as a scientific discipline. Biological perspectives have played�…

Diseases and aging-associated alterations of the nervous system often show sex-specific
characteristics. Glial cells play a major role in the endogenous homeostatic response of�…

Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders affect men and women differently. Multiple
sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety disorders, depression, meningiomas and late-onset�…

For many decades to date, neuroendocrinologists have delved into the key contribution of
gonadal hormones to the generation of sex differences in the developing brain and the�…

Abstract Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient
retroviruses, account for 8% of the human genome, but most have lost their transcriptional�…

Chronic stress is encountered in our everyday life and is thought to contribute to a number of
diseases. Many of these stress-related disorders display a sex bias. Because glucocorticoid�…

There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure,
particularly in early adolescence. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have�…

Aging refers to complete deterioration of physiological integrity and function. By midcentury,
adults over 60 years of age and children under 15 years will begin to outnumber people in�…