Pleasure is mediated by well-developed mesocorticolimbic circuitry and serves adaptive
functions. In affective disorders, anhedonia (lack of pleasure) or dysphoria (negative affect)�…

While insomnia is the second most common mental disorder, progress in our understanding
of underlying neurobiological mechanisms has been limited. The present review addresses�…

Emotions are centered in subjective experiences that people represent, in part, with
hundreds, if not thousands, of semantic terms. Claims about the distribution of reported�…

Reflecting major contemporary developments in theory and clinical practice, the second
edition of this authoritative guide has been significantly rewritten with 85% new material�…

People approach pleasure and avoid pain. To discover the true nature of approach–
avoidance motivation, psychologists need to move beyond this hedonic principle to the�…

There is a large and growing body of evidence on the health benefits of engagement in
leisure activities (voluntary, enjoyable non-work activities, such as hobbies, arts�…

Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts of the
cerebral cortex, notably the anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and�…

The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of
forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water�…

Feelings are mental experiences of body states. They signify physiological need (for
example, hunger), tissue injury (for example, pain), optimal function (for example, well�…

Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play a role in motivational processes, and
dysfunctions of mesolimbic dopamine may contribute to motivational symptoms of�…