The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a
population of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between∼�…

Evidence of care for the ill and injured amongst Neanderthals, inferred through skeletal
evidence for survival from severe illness and injury, is widely accepted. However, healthcare�…

The use of stable isotope ratio analysis in archaeology has exploded over the past few
decades to the point where it is now an established tool that is routinely used to investigate�…

The ecology of Neanderthals is a pressing question in the study of hominin evolution. Diet
appears to have played a prominent role in their adaptation to Eurasia. Based on isotope�…

Three adaptive hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the distinctive Neanderthal
face:(i) an improved ability to accommodate high anterior bite forces,(ii) more effective�…

This study provides a refined view on the diet and ecological niche of Neanderthals. The
traditional view is that Neanderthals obtained most of their dietary protein from terrestrial�…

Neanderthals are known primarily from their habitation of Western Eurasia, but they also
populated large expanses of Northern Asia for thousands of years. Owing to a sparse�…

Abstract The Late Pleistocene site “Troisi�me caverne” of Goyet (Belgium) has yielded the
broadest set of Neandertal remains in North-Western Europe and is associated with a rich�…

Evidence for plants rarely survives on Paleolithic sites, while animal bones and
biomolecular analyses suggest animal produce was important to hominin populations�…

Central Asia is positioned at a crossroads linking several zones important to hominin
dispersal during the Middle Pleistocene. However, the scarcity of stratified and dated�…