Demographic trends in human populations are influenced by natural selection acting upon
differential rates of fertility and mortality. In human societies, fertility is primarily influenced by�…

Do we need an archaeology of mothering? For prehistoric periods, I would argue, we need
to challenge notions of parenting and child care that may subconsciously shape�…

The analysis of activity-related dental wear patterns in prehistoric anatomically modern
humans and modern hunter-gatherers has shown sex differences attributable to a gendered�…

We present a Neanderthal maxilla (CF-1) from Cova Forad� site (Oliva, Valencia, Spain)
with periodontal disease and evidence of attempts to alleviate pain with the use of a�…

Objectives Our first objective was to review the evidence describing the appearance and
microstructure of the neonatal line in human deciduous teeth and to link this with known�…

Modern humans differ from wild great apes in gestation length, weaning age, interbirth
interval, sexual maturity, and longevity, but evolutionary anthropologists do not know when�…

The evolution of modern human life history has involved substantial changes in the overall
length of the subadult period, the introduction of a novel early childhood stage, and many�…

Whether Neandertals buried their dead has considerable bearing on the debate concerning
the nature of their cultural behavior. Among the claims for intentional Neandertal burial in�…

Childhood is a core stage in development, essential in the acquisition of social, practical and
cultural skills. However, this area receives limited attention in archaeological debate�…

We argue that enhanced play may have contributed to the emergence of complex language
systems in modern humans (Homo sapiens). To support this idea, we first discuss evidence�…