Importance Schizophrenia is a common, severe mental illness that most clinicians will
encounter regularly during their practice. This report provides an overview of the clinical�…

Importance The magnitude and variability of cytokine alterations in depression are not clear.
Objective To perform an up to date meta-analysis of mean differences of immune markers in�…

The neurodevelopmental and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the
pathoetiology of schizophrenia, but they were developed in isolation. However, since they�…

Over the last five decades, a large body of evidence has accrued for structural and metabolic
brain alterations in schizophrenia. Here we provide an overview of these findings, focusing�…

The synaptic hypothesis of schizophrenia has been highly influential. However, new
approaches mean there has been a step-change in the evidence available, and some tenets�…

Observational studies have reported the correlations between brain imaging-derived
phenotypes (IDPs) and psychiatric disorders; however, whether the relationships are causal�…

Abstract Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the persistence of positive symptoms
despite≥ 2 trials of adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic medication with�…

Neurobiological heterogeneity in schizophrenia is poorly understood and confounds current
analyses. We investigated neuroanatomical subtypes in a multi-institutional multi-ethnic�…

Importance It is unclear whether differences exist in the magnitude and variability of pro-
inflammatory mediators in the different phases of bipolar disorder (BD) and among subjects�…

Background Approximately 188 million people use cannabis yearly worldwide, and it has
recently been legalised in 11 US states, Canada, and Uruguay for recreational use. The�…