Although it is well established that all brain regions contain various neuronal subtypes with
different functions, astrocytes have traditionally been thought to be homogenous. However�…

In the mammalian cerebral cortex neurons are arranged in specific layers and form
connections both within the cortex and with other brain regions, thus forming a complex�…

Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that tile the CNS. They interact with multiple cell types,
including neurons, glial cells and blood vessels, and are involved or implicated in brain�…

Injury or disease to the CNS results in multifaceted cellular and molecular responses. One
such response, the glial scar, is a structural formation of reactive glia around an area of�…

Remote memories depend on coordinated activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortices,
but the timeline of these interactions is debated. Astrocytes sense and modify neuronal�…

Astrocytes are emerging as important players in synaptic function, and, consequently, on
brain function and animal behavior. According to the Tripartite Synapse concept, astrocytes�…

Astrocytes are highly complex cells with many emerging putative roles in brain function. Of
these, gliotransmission (active information transfer from glia to neurons) has probably the�…

Astrocytes can affect animal behavior by regulating tripartite synaptic transmission, yet their
influence on affective behavior remains largely unclear. Here we showed that hippocampal�…

GABA interneurons play a critical role in higher brain functions. Astrocytic glial cells interact
with synapses throughout the whole brain and are recognized as regulatory elements of�…

The role of astrocytes in neuronal function has received increasing recognition, but
disagreement remains about their function at the circuit level. Here we use in vivo two�…