Probiotics and prebiotics are microbiota-management tools for improving host health. They
target gastrointestinal effects via the gut, although direct application to other sites such as�…

The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and
Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes�…

Nowadays, obesity is one of the most prevalent human health problems. Research from the
last 30 years has clarified the role of the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure�…

Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is the subject of intense
research. The gut microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases�…

The mammalian gut microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, comprises trillions of
bacteria, which co-evolved with the host and has an important role in a variety of host�…

Gut bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have important effects on
immune cells and the gut. SCFAs derive from the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut�…

In recent years, an unstoppable trend toward minimally processed foods has increased the
popularity of fermented foods as a beneficial nutritional and functional strategy. Within food�…

Probiotics are increasingly recognized as capable of positively modulating several aspects
of human health. There are numerous attributes that make an ideal probiotic�…

Inter-individual human variability, driven by various genetic and environmental factors,
complicates the ability to develop effective population-based early disease detection�…

Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts
lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory�…