The assessment of animal welfare relates to investigations of how animals try to cope with
their environment, and how easy or how difficult it is for them to do so. The use of rigorous�…

In recent years, zoos and aquaria have intensified efforts to develop approaches and tools
for assessing the welfare of populations and individual animals in their care. Advances�…

Attempts to improve animal welfare have commonly centered around three broad
objectives:(1) to ensure good physical health and functioning of animals,(2) to minimize�…

Simple Summary Maintaining a high standard of animal welfare is essential in zoos, and
methods of animal welfare assessment should aim to evaluate positive as well as negative�…

There continues to be intense public, professional, and scientific focus on the welfare of
animals in zoos and aquariums, but implementing welfare assessment tools consistently�…

There are gaps in knowledge that hinder our ability within zoos to provide good animal
welfare. This does not mean that zoos cannot or do not provide good welfare, only that�…

Zoological institutions are in urgent need of identifying and implementing welfare
assessment tools that allow for ongoing, quantitative monitoring of individual animal well�…

Standards and policies intended to safeguard nonhuman animal welfare, whether in zoos,
farms, or laboratories, have tended to emphasize features of the physical environment�…

Simple Summary To retain social license to operate, achieving and maintaining high
standards of animal welfare need to be institutional priorities for zoos. In order to be�…

Nonhuman animal welfare science is the scientific study of the welfare state of animals that
attempts to make inferences about how animals feel from their behavior, endocrine function�…