Female and male humans are different. As simple and obvious as that statement is, in
biomedical research there has been an historical tendency to either not consider sex at all or�…

Neuroscience today relies on the overwhelming belief that biological sex does not matter
and can be safely ignored in preclinical research. Common practice within neuroscientific�…

A rapidly burgeoning literature documents copious sex influences on brain anatomy,
chemistry and function. This article highlights some of the more intriguing recent discoveries�…

A Commentary highlighting the progress that sex‐based data and research have made in
neuroscience and the complexities that research has revealed thus far. Basic and preclinical�…

Studies of sex differences in the brain range from reductionistic cell and molecular analyses
in animal models to functional imaging in awake human subjects, with many other levels in�…

The study of sex differences in the brain has a long, rich history and remains a vibrant and
controversial topic that is central to the field of neuroscience both for its obvious relevance�…

Within the basic and clinical biomedical research community, there is increasing recognition
that differences between males and females across the lifespan affect an individual's health�…

The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly
debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled�…

Biological differences between the sexes influence not only individual health but also public
health, biomedical research, and health care. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop�…

In 2001 the Institute of Medicine, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences in the USA,
concluded that many aspects of both normal and pathological brain functioning exhibit�…