Background The causes of autism likely involve genetic and environmental factors that
influence neurobiological changes and the neurological and behavioral features of the�…

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder of early onset that is highly variable in its
clinical presentation. Although the causes of autism in most patients remain unknown�…

BACKGROUND: Endophenotypes are simple biological aspects of a disease that can be
observed in unaffected relatives at a higher rate than in the general population; an “autism�…

Numerous studies have reported immune system disturbances in individuals with autism
and their family members; however, there is considerable variability in findings with respect�…

Approximately 23% of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) produce
specific patterns of autoantibodies to fetal brain proteins that have been detected in only 1�…

The autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex developmental disorders that manifest
during childhood. By definition, children with ASD are characterized by qualitative�…

Accumulating evidence indicates that immune dysfunction is associated with autism
disorders in a significant subset of children. Previous reports have shown abnormal�…

Serum autoantibodies to human brain, identified by ELISA and Western immunoblotting,
were evaluated in 29 children with autism spectrum disorder (22 with autistic disorder), 9�…

Epidemiological evidence suggests that one's risk of being diagnosed with a
neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD)—such as autism, ADHD, or schizophrenia—increases�…

Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum
disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and�…