Parkinson's Disease (PD) is symptomatically managed with L-DOPA but chronic use results
in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) characterized by abnormal involuntary movements�…

Abstract l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID) are motor side effects associated with treatment
of Parkinson's disease (PD). The etiology of LID is not clear; however, studies have shown�…

Development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) remains a major problem in the long-term
treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Sensitization to L-DOPA correlates with ectopic�…

The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) belongs to the dopamine D2-like receptor family and is
principally located in the ventral striatum. However, previous studies reported D3R�…

Chronic L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) treatment of Parkinson Disease (PD) often
leads to debilitating involuntary movements, termed L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). The�…

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by primary and secondary plasticity that occurs in
response to progressive degeneration and long-term L-DOPA treatment. Some of this�…

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is experienced by most patients of Parkinson's disease
(PD) upon the long-term use of the dopamine precursor levodopa. Striatal dopaminergic�…

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by the degeneration
of midbrain substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons that project to the striatum. Despite�…

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leads to Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by
reduced levels of striatal dopamine (DA) and impaired voluntary movements. DA�…

Abstract L-dopa (l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a debilitating
complication of dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. The potential�…