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Language
The question of whether language abilities are innate or learned is controversial. The theory of Universal Grammar suggests that every human has...
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Language Electrified Principles, Methods, and Future Perspectives of Investigation
Language, as a system we use to communicate, represents the brain’s biologically perfected machinery for converting thoughts (ideas, concepts, and...
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Language Learning
This chapter discusses methodological issues when applying transcutaneous stimulation of the aural branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) to language...
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Neurophysiology of Language Pathologies
Language- and speech-related disorders are among the most frequent consequences of developmental and acquired pathologies. While classical approaches...
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Speech and Language
The traditional view of the cerebellum as the sole coordinator of sensorimotor function has been substantially redefined during the past decades....
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Optimal Use of the English Language
Scientific English is highly codified. Certain words and phrases often return in many articles. This serves to provide optimal clarity. The best way...
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Electrophysiology of Non-Literal Language
This chapter reviews the electrophysiological research on four most commonly used figurative language types: metaphor, idioms, irony, and jokes. For...
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Human Intracranial Recordings for Language Research
Over the last decade, our understanding of the neural computations that underlie language in the human brain has grown tremendously. These advances...
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Neural Basis of Language, a Comprehensive Update for Neurosurgeons
Among all the higher brain functions, language is the most prominent function that distinguishes humans from other species and is necessary to...
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From Neurons to Language and Speech: An Overview
In this chapter, we describe some of the basic principles of the human brain functionality, focusing on language and speech processes. After...
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Speech and Language Research
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as we use it today, was developed in the 1980s, and already in the 1990s, it was clear it would became an...
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Electrophysiological Correlates of Second-Language Acquisition: From Words to Sentences
The chapter examines the impact of experience-dependent factors (cross-linguistic similarities between the first and second languages, age of...
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Electromyographic (EMG) Responses of Facial Muscles During Language Processing
The potential significance of facial EMG responses as an index of language processing is discussed. First, functional and metabolic differences...
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EEG and ERPs in the Study of Language and Social Knowledge
Event-related potentials (ERPs) represent the ideal methodological approach for investigating the time course of language reading and comprehension...
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Using Facial EMG to Track Emotion During Language Comprehension: Past, Present, and Future
Beyond recognizing words, parsing sentences, building situation models, and other cognitive accomplishments, language comprehension always involves...
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Cerebellar Contribution to Emotional Body Language Perception
Body language is a powerful form of non-verbal communication providing important information about the emotions and intentions of others. The ability...
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De Novo Molecular Design with Chemical Language Models
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new possibilities for hit and lead finding in medicinal chemistry. Several instances of AI have been used for...
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A Model of Language Understanding by Interacting Cortical Areas
This chapter presents a concrete model of language understanding by the interaction of associative memory modules presumably located in several...
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Language Impairment in Children of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes, Preeclampsia, and Preterm Delivery: Current Hypothesis and Potential Underlying Mechanisms
Many conditions may impair or delay language development, including socioeconomic status, parent’s education, or intrauterine environment....
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