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Timeline of the unification of Italy

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This is a timeline of the unification of Italy.

  • 1849 – August 24: Venice falls to Austrian forces that have crushed the rebellion in Venetia
  • 1858 – Meeting at Plombieres: Napoleon III and Cavour decide to stage a war with Austria, in return for Piedmont gaining Lombardy, Venetia, Parma and Modena, and France gaining Savoy and Nice.
  • 1859 – November 4: Conte Camillo Benso di Cavour to Venetia
    • July 11: Napoleon III meets with Franz Joseph (Austria) and backs out of the war. Among other land negotiations, Lombardy will be transferred to Sardinia
    • November 10: Treaty of Zurich ends conflict in northern Italy for a time; Sardinia occupies some central Italian states
    • December: Tuscany, Parma, Modena, and some other states join the United Provinces of Central Italy, and seek annexation by Sardinia
  • 1860 – March 20: Sardinia annexes central Italian states by giving Nice and Savoy to the French, now only four states remain in Italy: Austrians in Venetia, the Papal States, the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
    • February 18: Victor Emmanuel II assumes title of King of Italy with an Italian parliament under him
    • May 6: Garibaldi and about a thousand Italian volunteers leave Genoa, and on
    • May 11: land near Marsala on the west coast of Sicily
    • May 14: After many victories, Garibaldi names himself dictator of Sicily
    • May 27: With British help Garibaldi seizes capital of Palermo
    • August 18: Basilicata is the first continental province to declare the fall of Francis II.[1]
    • September 2: Garibaldi entered Basilicata through Rotonda, encountering no difficulty. The provincial government raised a "Lucanian brigade", which followed Garibaldi to Naples.[2]
    • September 7: After victories throughout Sicily and Italian mainland, Garibaldi is welcomed into Naples.
    • October : Victor Emmanuel II leads Sardinian forces through the Papal States south to meet Garibaldi in Naples, Garibaldi hands over his power to Victor Emmanuel II
  • 1861
  • 1862
    • June: Being frustrated with inaction against the Papal States, Garibaldi sails from Genoa to Palermo to gather volunteers for a Rome expedition
    • August 14: Garibaldi sails for Melito on the southern coast of Italy and vows to march to Rome
    • August 28: Garibaldi meets government troops at Aspromonte, and is honorably imprisoned, with his army being disbanded, however Garibaldi is soon released
  • 1864 – September 15: Victor Emmanuel II meets with Napoleon III at the September Convention, Napoleon III agrees to withdraw French troops from the Papal States within 2 years
  • 1865 – Capital moves from Turin to Florence
  • 1866 – June 20: Italy enters the Austro-Prussian war against Austria with Prussia promising Venetia if they win
    • June 24: Italian forces under Victor Emmanuel II are defeated at Custoza
    • July 21: Italian forces under Garibaldi are victorious against Austria at Bezzecca, and move forward into Venetia
    • July 26: Prussia signs armistice with Austria
    • August 12: Italy ends war with Austria after Prussia signs armistice
    • October 12: Emperor Franz Joseph cedes Venetia to Napoleon III for not entering the war, who then cedes it to Italy
  • 1867 – October: Garibaldi seeks Rome and Papal States but fails, revolutions inside Rome are also suppressed
  • 1870 – July: With the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war, Napoleon III calls back troops from Rome
    • September 10: Victor Emmanuel II sends Count Ponza di San Martino with a letter to the Pope proposing a peaceful entrance of the Italian army into Rome, but the Pope rejects the letter and the Count leaves the next day
    • September 11: Italian Army slowly advances toward Rome
    • September 20: Italian army forcefully enters Rome with some casualties and, after a plebiscite, Rome is annexed by the Kingdom of Italy
  • 1871 – June: The capital of the Kingdom of Italy is officially moved from Florence to Rome

Notes

  1. ^ Tommaso Pedio, La Basilicata nel Risorgimento politico italiano (1700-1870), Potenza, 1962, p. 109
  2. ^ George Macaulay Trevelyan, Garibaldi and the making of Italy, (June–November 1860), Longmans, Green, 1948, p.156
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